Electroshock: Electroconvulsive Therapy
Without Cognitive Side Effects

Scientists report that a new form of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is just as effective as older forms in treating depression but without any of the cognitive side effects found in the older forms. In the NIMH-sponsored study, Dr. Harold Sackeim and colleagues from Columbia University randomly assigned 90 depressed patients to either right sided or bilateral ECT, using either a traditional electrical pulse or a newer "ultrabrief pulse", and measured clinical response and cognitive side effects.

The study found that 73 % of the depressed subjects who received the ultrabrief pulse responded, compared with a 65% response from subjects who received the 'gold standard' bilateral older form. Importantly, the ultrabrief group had less severe cognitive side effects than the other group. "The use of an ultrabrief stimulus markedly reduces adverse cognitive effects and, when coupled with markedly suprathreshold right unilateral ECT, also preserves efficacy," write Dr. Sackeim and colleagues.

In a related editorial Dr. Bernard Lerer, a psychiatrist from Israel not involved in the study, wrote "The paper by Sackeim and colleagues in the current issue of Brain Stimulation shows that use of an ultrabrief stimulus has remarkably few, if any, effects on cognitive function without loss of efficacy. The results provide convincing evidence derived from a randomized controlled trial. ... If supported by additional controlled studies and borne out by clinical experience in the field, these findings will be an important further step forward in the practice of ECT. They also have intriguing implications for our understanding of how the treatment works, a conundrum that has not been resolved in the 73 years since convulsive therapy was first introduced."

Dr. Lerer went on to comment, "Overall, these are interesting times for brain stimulation therapies in general and ECT in particular. Ultrabrief stimulation is an exciting development in the optimization of ECT. It could turn out to be a pivotal step in an exciting cascade of events that may radically alter the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders."

Journal reference:

Effects of Pulse Width and Electrode Placement on the Efficacy and Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy.
Harold A. Sackeim, PhD, Joan Prudic, MD, Mitchell S. Nobler, MD, Linda Fitzsimons, RN, Sarah H. Lisanby, MD, Nancy Payne, CSW, Robert M. Berman, MD, PhD, Eva-Lotta Brakemeier, MA, Tarique Perera, MD, D. P. Devanand, MD, all with Columbia University. Brain Stimulation. Volume 1, Issue 2, (May 2008)

Refs
and further reading

ECT
HOME
'Mindreading'
Thought control?
Hypermotivation
Brain fingerprinting
First Brain Prosthesis?
The Orgasm Command-Center
Thought-controlled artifical limbs
Electrodes in Brain to Switch Off Pain
The Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator
Wireheads and Wireheading in Science Fiction
Addicted brains; the chemistry of pain and pleasure
Pleasure Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain

E-mail
dave@bltc.com